Prevention

Tubercolisis

• BCG
• The TB vaccine called Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) was first developed in the 1920s
• It is one of the most widely used of all current vaccines, and it reaches more than 80% of all new born children and infants in countries where it is part of the national childhood immunization program, However, it is also one of the most variable vaccines in routine use
• The BCG vaccine has been shown to provide children with excellent protection against the disseminated forms of TB, however protection against pulmonary TB in adults is variable. Since most transmission originates from adult cases of pulmonary TB, and it is generally used to protect children, rather than to interrupt transmission among adults
• The BCG vaccine will often result in the person vaccinated having a positive result to a TB skin test

Hand Mouth Food Disease

• Wash hands often with soap and water, especially after changing diapers and using the toilet
• Cleaning and disinfecting frequently touched surfaces and soiled items, including toys
• Avoiding close contact such as kissing, hugging, or sharing eating utensils or cups with people with hand, foot, and mouth disease
• Using mouthwashes or sprays that numb mouth pain
• Isolate contagious people because disease is highly contagious, people with the illness should limit their exposure to others while they have active signs and symptoms. Keep children with HMFD out of child care or school until fever is gone and mouth sores have healed. If you have the illness, stay home from work.
• Encourage your child to drink plenty of fluids

Leprosy 

• The Bacillus Calmette-Guerin(BCG) vaccine offers a variable amount of protection against leprosy in addition to tuberculosis It appears to be 26 to 41% effective (based on controlled trials) and about 60% effective based on observational studies with two doses possibly working better than one.Development of a more effective vaccine is ongoing as of 2011

Measles

Measles
Measles or as known as Rubeola is a childhood infection caused by a virus. Measles can be serious and even fatal for infant.

Symptoms
Measles signs and symptoms usually appear 10 to 14 days after the exposure to the virus. Symptoms such as

• Fever
• Dry cough
• Runny nose
• Sore throat
• Skin rash
• Diarrhea
• Dehydration

The incubation period of measles is 10 to 14 days after infected

Causes

The cause of measles is a virus that replicates in the nose and throat of an infected child or adult.

When someone with measles coughs, sneezes or talks, infected droplets spray into the air, where other people can inhale them. The infected droplets may also land on a surface, where they remain active and contagious for several hours.

You can contract the virus by putting your fingers in your mouth or nose or rubbing your eyes after touching the infected surface

Risk Factors

Being unvaccinated - If you haven't received the vaccine for measles, you're much more likely to develop the disease.

Traveling - If you travel to developing countries, where measles is more common, you're at higher risk of catching the disease.

Having a vitamin A deficiency - If you don't have enough vitamin A in your diet, you're more likely to contract measles and to have more-severe symptoms.

Infants

Unvaccinated pregnant mother

Prevention

If someone in your household has measles, take these precautions to protect vulnerable family and friends:

• Isolation - Because measles is highly contagious from about four days before to four days after the rash breaks out, people with measles shouldn't return to activities in which they interact with other people during this period
• Away from the infected person
• Vaccinate- Anyone who at risk of getting the measles who has not been fully vaccinated receives the measles vaccine as soon as possible

Tuberculosis

Tuberculosis
Tuberculosis or as known as TB is a serious infectious disease that main affects lungs. The bacteria that cause tuberculosis are spread from one person to another through tiny droplets released into the air through coughs and sneezes.


Symptoms
Few common symptoms of TB

• Coughing
• Coughing up blood
• Chest pain
• Pain wih breath
• Unintentional weight loss
• Fatigue
• Fever
• Night sweats
• Chills
• Loss of appetite

Person at risk

• People with HIV/AIDS
• Drug users
• Those in contact with infected individuals
• Health care workers who treat people with TB

Causes

Tuberculosis is caused by bacteria that spread from person to person through microscopic droplets released into the air. This can happen when someone with the untreated, active form of tuberculosis coughs, speaks, sneezes, spits, laughs or sings.

Although tuberculosis is contagious, it's not easy to catch. You're much more likely to get tuberculosis from someone you live with or work with than from a stranger. Most people with active TB who've had appropriate drug treatment for at least two weeks are no longer contagious.

Control and Prevention

Stay home - Don't go to work or school or sleep in a room with other people during the first few weeks of treatment for active tuberculosis.

Ventilate the room - Tuberculosis germs spread more easily in small closed spaces where air doesn't move. If it's not too cold outdoors, open the windows and use a fan to blow indoor air outside.

Cover your mouth -  Use a tissue to cover your mouth anytime you laugh, sneeze or cough. Put the dirty tissue in a bag, seal it and throw it away.

Wear a mask - Wearing a surgical mask when you're around other people during the first three weeks of treatment may help lessen the risk of transmission.